ASSIGNMENTS

UNIT 1: PRE-WRITING: GETTING READY TO WRITE

NARROWING 

• TRAVELLING > TRAVELS AND YOUNG PEOPLE > ERASMUS IN EUROPE > WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST ATTRACTIONS FOR ERASMUS IN EUROPE

• TECHNOLOGY > YOUNG PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY > YOUNG PEOPLE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS > CYBERBULLYING AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT

• PARTIES > FESTIVALS > ELECTRONIC FESTIVALS IN SPAIN > WHAT CAN WE FIND IN ELECTRONIC FESTIVALS IN SPAIN?

• FEMINISM > WOMAN FIGHT >   WOMAN RIGHTS BEFORE AND AFTER > EVOLUTION OF WOMAN RIGHTS AT WORK > INCORPORATION OF WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE

• GREAT AUTHORS > GREAT AUTHORS IN ENGLAND > WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE > "SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE" FILM > SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE REFERENCES TO SHAKESPEARE'S LIFE AND WORK

• VAMPIRES > VAMPIRES IN BOOKS > DRACULA > ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF DRACULA

• CHINESE FOOD > INGREDIENTS IN CHINESE FOOD DIFFERENT FROM SPANISH FOOD > THE USE OF SEAWEEDS IN CHINESE DISHES > THE USE OF SEAWEEDS IN CHINESE DISHES AND THEIR BENEFITS

• FASHION > FASHION AND SOCIAL NETWORKS > JOBS RELATED TO FASHION AND INTERNET: INFLUENCERS > WHAT ARE INFLUENCERS AND WHAT IS THEIR JOB?

• SPORTS >  OLYMPIC GAMES > WOMEN IN OLYMPIC GAMES > WOMEN WHO HAVE WON THE OLYMPIC GAMES
• PSYCHOLOGY > IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY > PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS > PERSONALITY DISORDERS 
• ALL KIND OF MUSIC > MUSIC TV CONTESTS > MUSIC TV CONTESTS IN SPAIN> OPERACION TRIUNFO

• PUNK > PUNK GROUPS IN THE 2000'S > GREEN DAY > GREEN DAY, PUNK MUSIC AND INFLUENCES OF OTHER STYLES

Page 5.
1. Choose three topics from the list. Narrow each of the three down to a paragraph topic. Then compare with a partner.

My country:

1. Kinds of toursim in Spain
2. Spanish gastronomy
3. Spanish customs
4. Differences between Spanish culture and English culture

Friends:

1. Pen-friends
2. Childhood friendship
3. University friends
4. Family or friends

Dancing:

1. Fama Revolution contest
2. Different kinds of dancing of the world
3. New styles of dancing in the last 5 years
4. Best dancers of the world

Exercise 2 page 6

Teenage fashions:

• Music: rap, techno...
• Clothes
• Social networks
• Dancing
• Trends
• Clubs 
• Celebrities
• Series
• Films

Exercise 3 page 6

Festivals:

• Music
• Friends
• Having fun with friends
• Harmful substances: alcohol, drugs...
• Celebrities
• New people

EXERCISE DONE IN CLASS

LISTING

CULTURE SHOCK

• Different language
• Communication problems
• Poor verbal skills
• Different lifestyle
• No integration in school.
• Lack vocabulary
• Families don't spend time together

EXERCISE DONE IN CLASS

FREE WRITING (problems you can find when you start in a new class)

It is very difficult to start in a new center because you do not know anyone, especially for shy people. When you are the only person who is new it is even more difficult because you think that you won't fit in any group.However, this is also a good opportunity to meet new people and improve your communication skills and ,above all, knowing people with whom you share more things that you would expect.

ASKING QUESTIONS: SHORT STORIES

• Why they always have a happy ending?
• Who are the most important writers of short stories?
• What are the main elements of a short story?
• How are writers inspired?

UNIT 2: THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH

EXERCISE 1
Read the sentences in each group and decide which sentence is the best topic sentence and what is wrong with the other sentences (they may be too general, too specific or incomplete).

Group 2: a. The history of astronomy is interesting: Too general
               b. Ice age people recorded the appearance of new moons by making scratches in animal                       bones: too specific.
               c. For example, Stonehenge in Britain, built 3500 years ago to track the movement of the                     sun: incomplete.
               d. Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways: Best TS.
              Topic: Lunar and solar events.

Group 3:   a. It is hard to know which foods are safe to eat nowadays: Best TS.
                 b. In some large ocean fish, there are high levels of mercury: too specific.
                 c. Not to mention mad cow disease: Incomplete.
                 d. Food safety is an important issue: Too general.
              Topic: Safe food nowadays.

Group 4:   a. Hybrid automobiles more economical to operate tan gasolin-powered cars: incomplete.
                 b. The new hybrid automobiles are very popular: too general.
                 c. Hybrid cars have good fuel economy because a computer under the hood decides to run                   the electric motor, the small gasolin engine, or the two together: too specific.
                 d. The new hybrid automobiles are popular because of their fuel economy : Best TS.
                Topic: Hybrid automobiles.

Group 5:  a. The North American Catawba Indians of the Southeast and the Tlingitof the Northwest                     both see the rainbow as a kind of bridge between heaven and earth: too specific.
                b. A rainbow seen from an airplane is a complete circle: best TS.
                c. Rainbows are beautiful: too general.
                d. The belief that you can find a pot of gold at a rainbow's end: incomplete.

EXERCISE 2
Read the following scrambled paragraphs and decide which sentence is the topic sentence.

• Paragraph 1: f. Most personal digital assistans (PDAs) have tools for basic tasks as well as for multimedia functions.
• Paragraph 2: The number of nation competing in the "space race"has grown since the early days of space exploration.
• Paragraph 3: d. The automobile revolutionized the way of life in the United States.
• Paragraph 4: b. The formation of a volcanic eruption is a dramatic series of events.

EXERCISE 3
Circle the topic sentence and underline the controlling idea in each of the following sentences.

1. Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness.
2. Driving on freeways requires strong nerves.
3. Driving on freeways requires an agressive attitude.
4. The Caribean island of Trinidad attracts tourists because of its calypso music.
5. Spectacular beaches make Puerto Rico a tourist paradise.
6. Moving away from home can be a stressful experience for young people.
7. Many religious rules arose from the health needs of ancient times.
8. A major problem for many students is the high cost of tuition and books.
9.  Participating in class discussions is a problem for several different groups of students.
10.  In my opinion, television commercials for cosmetics lie to woman.
11.  Owning an automobile is a necessity for me.
12. It is an expensive luxury to own an automobile in a large city.

EXERCISE 4

PARAGRAPH 1: English language contains more foreign words than we thought.
PARAGRAPH 2: There are big differences between the educational system of Europe and the North American one.

SUPPORTING SENTENCES

Find in the text an example, a stadistic and a quotation.
- An example: 5
- A stadistic: 3
- A quotation: 7

PRACTICAL CLASS: (02/10/18)

Exercise 1: Greeting cards.

- Topic sentence: Have you noticed how many different kinds of greetng cards you can use by these days?
- Concluding sentence: In short, there is now a greeting card for every possible life event and for a few nonevents as well.
- Techniques used for the supporting sentence: enumeration, listing...

Exercise 2: A hawaiian legend.
- Topic sentence: Native people create legends to explain unusual phenomena in their environment.
- Concluding sentence: This story is a good example of a legend invented by native people to interprete the world around them.

Exercise 3: Paragraph 1
- Topic sentence: You can be a good conversionalist by being a good listener.
- Concluding sentence: Be relaxed and bend your body slightly forward to show nterest in the person and the conveersation.
- Technique used: giving details.

Exercise 4: Paragraph 2
- Topic sentence: Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy.
- Concluding sentence: Because they do not have enough time to respond to these messages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings or on weekends at home.



  UNIT 3: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH

Page 17
2. In the paragraph above, underline the topic sentence. Below, list the details used to support the topic sentence. Compare your answers with a partner. 

Topic sentence: You'll love working out at the Atlas Health Centre, and you'll love what it does for you.
Details:
a. State of the art exercise equipment.
b. Large, air-conditioned rooms.
c. Work out alone or with trainers.
d. Aerobics. swimming and kickboxing classes.
e. staff nutrition experts.
f. relax with whirlpool bath and sauna.

3. An explanation tells the reader what something means or how something works. In this paragraph, underline the topic sentence. Then answer the questions.

Topic sentence: My mother, who likes sewing, used this simple saying to teach me the value of working on problems when they are still small.
a. He's trying to explain the saying: 'a stitch in time saves nine'.
b. Yes, I understand the explanation.

4/10/18
Page 19

9.  Work with a partner. Take turns reading these paragraphs aloud. Is the main idea developed by details, an explanation, or an example? Is there a concluding sentence? Circle yes or no. If there is no concluding sentence, write one with your partner. 

PARAGRAPH A
- Means of support: Example.
- Concluding sentence: YES

PARAGRAPH B
- Means of support: Details.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- As we see, it's surprising all the things that I love from this subject.

PARAGRAPH C
- Means of support: Example.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- After this experience, I will never sing in public again.

PARAGRAPH D
- Means of support: Details.
- Concluding sentence: YES

PARAGRAPH E
- Means of support: Explanation.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- People who like me as I am are my real friends.


PRACTICAL CLASS: PEER EDITING  (04/10/18)

THERE ARE SOME CELLPHONE MANNERS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

Constant cell phone use can impose a lifetime of health issues. Firstly, the use of cell phone is bad for a lot of things as a headache, insomnia, and even the use can cause cancer. But, at the same time, in the 21th century, it's impossible to have a normal life without having a cell phone, using it for work, for maintaining contact with family and even for school.
So, althought it's at some point unhealthy for us, at the same time, it's completely neccessary for living.

COMMENTS:

Here we have two paragraphs with 4 sentences.  The topic sentence is: "Constant cell phone use can impose a lifetime of health issues." and the concluding sentence is  "So, although it's at some point unhealthy for us, at the same time, it's completely neccessary for living." The content is good and she has two fixed points and she supports them with good examples.
Nevertheless, I think she should have developed her idea of the health issues because it's too short and she could have provided really interesting information. Added to this she should have developped it in a single paragraph.
All in all, the writer has good points and what he needs to do is providing more supporting points to his ideas.

UNIT 4: DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS

PRACTICAL CLASS: DESCRIBING A PLACE

Write a paragraph describing this place
If  I had to talk about a place I love, I'd definitely choose the cliff of the Giant's Causeway. It is located in Northern Ireland and I possibly like it that much because of its views and its weather. When I go there, I sit in front of the sea and see how the waves crash against the rocks while I watch the sunset. Due to the time of the day, the sky is colored by yellow and red, contrasting with the dark blue of the sea, and the temperatures begin to drop. When I feel a bit low, I always go there, listen to the sound of the waves, smell the salt of the sea, close my eyes and just feel comfortable and relaxed.
When I see this image I remember the magic of the cliff of the Giant's Causeway and I can't think of a place where I feel better than there.

Page 26

2. Read this description from a travel brochure. Circle the adjectives.
Popular, beautiful, white, amazed, three-lined, fast-moving, loud, roaring, cool, unforgettable.

3. Read this paragraph that describes someone's favourite place. Underline the prepositions.
to, from, on, in, on either side of, into, to, at, in, from,at, near, on, at, from, with, in.

4. Write six sentences to describe the place where you are right now. Try to answer some of the questions under 'using adjectives' on page 25. Use adjectives and prepositions.
I am doing my assignments in the bedroom of my countryside house. It is a wide bedroom and now it starts to be a little cold. In here, I feel relaxed because I can't hear any noise, but at the same time, it is nostalgic and unhappy as I want to be outside instead of here. From my window, I can see my dogs running and a wide range of attractive plants and flowers. And now, I can see a big bedroom with colorful pictures and paintings.

5. With a partner, add at least two other adjectives to the two lists above.

• Personality: easy-going, sweet.
• Physical characteristics: old, athletic.

6. Read this description written by a young woman about her grandmother. Circle the adjectives that describe the grandmother.

Not very big, tiny, very thin, strong, happy, patient, good, afraid, annoyed, interesting, best.

Page 29.
9. A process paragraph is a description of how to do something. It explains the steps you need to follow to complete an activity. Read this recipe and do the exercises below.

• a. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence of the paragraph.
• Topic sentence: Brown rice and vegetables is a simple and delicious meal to make.
• Concluding sentence: Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
• b. List the steps for making brown rice and vegetables in the order you find them.

1. Cook the rice.
2. Cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces.
3. Heat the oil, chili sauce and garlic.
4. Add the vegetables and fry them until they are soft.
5. Stir in the cooked rice.
6. Add salt and pepper.
7. Put the rice and vegetables into a large bowl and serve it.

• c. How are the steps in the paragraph connected together? What words do you see that help show the sequence to follow? Underline them.
• With transition words, such as first, then, next, after that, now, after, finally, now.

10. Add other transition words you know to the list above.

Last but not least, following, at this time, above all.

11. Choose appropiate transition words to connect the steps in this paragraph about preparing for a trip.

a. First of all.

b. Before.

c. Once.

d. Then.

e. While

f. Following.

g. Finally.

Page 31.

12. Order the steps to form a process paragraph. Write 1 next to the first step, 2 for the second step, and so on.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 5

e. 3

f. 7

g. 1

UNIT 5: OPINION PARAGRAPHS

Page 34
2. Do these types of writing use mostly facts, opinions or an even mixture of both? Write F for fact, O for opinion, or B for both. Explain your choices to a partner.
a. Both
b. Opinion
c. Fact
d. Both
e. Fact
f. Opinion
g. Both
h. Opinion or both

3. Can you think of other types of writing that use opinions? Make a list. Then make a list of types of writing that use facts.
- Use opinions: A personal letter, a review and an article of a magazine.
- Use facts: A scientific article.

4. Read these sentences. Write F if the sentence is a fact, and O if the sentence is an opinion.
a. Opinion
b. Opinion
c. Fact
d. Fact
e. Opinion
f. Fact
g. Opinion
h. Opinion

5. Write three fact sentences and three opinion sentences.
Fact:
- Murcia is located in the South East of Spain.
- The Earth is round.
- Sound travels at 330 meters per second.
Opinion:
- Real Madrid is the best football team of the league.
- Football is the best sport.
- Maths are a difficult subject.

Page 36.

9. Read these statements that express opinions. Add three of your own.

1. Smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars. I agree because it harms people who do not smoke.
2. University students should not have part-time jobs. I disagree because they can do what they want in order to earn more money, but it is true that they all should have scholarships.
3. Gambling should be banned. I agree because it is as dangerous as drugs or smoking and people can become extremely addicted to it.
4. Women are better at cooking than men. I disagree because that fact is something that society has imposed us, but both genres are just as capable to do it.
5. We should use public transport in order to reduce pollution. I agree because cars pollute a lot.

(18/10/18)
Page 37
13. Complete this opinion paragraph using because or since, so, or Therefore. Add punctuation where necessary.

a. so
b. because
c. Since
d. so
e. because
f. Therefore,

14. Use the connectors of cause and effect in brackets to join these ideas. You may change the order of ideas. 
a. The city doesn't have enough money, so we ought to increase council tax.
b. I'm going to leave my part-time job because I don't have enough time for my homework.
c. Some plants and trees have been dying since this summer has been very dry.
d. Many students are graduating with nursing degrees. Therefore, it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future.
e. My friends all recommend that restaurant so I will try it this weekend.

15. Look again at the opinions that were expressed in exercise 9. Complete these sentences in your notebook with your own ideas about these opinions. Use appropriate punctuation.

a. Because cars pollute a lot, we should use public transport.
b. Students should have part-time jobs since they are in their right to have them.
c. Pollution is increasing so we should use public transport more often.
d. Since it can become a huge addiction, they should ban gambling.
e. Smoking in public places must be banned because it disturbs the rest of the costumers.
f. Men and women have the same cooking skills. Therefore, they both should do the house chores and cook.

PRACTICAL CLASS: ANALYSIS OF A TED TALK (18/10/18)

- What's the topic of the TED talk? What's the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
- What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
- What's the speaker conclusion? How does he conclude?

- The topic of the TED talk is educational systems and their lack of creativity. The main idea is that schools are killing creativity and he introduces it at the beginning with previous opinions about his conference.
- He always illustrates his ideas with some examples. He uses art, literature and other aspects, for instance, he has talked about Shakespeare and a child who was a dancer.
- He concludes the conference by saying that it is necessary to change our educational system.

HOMEWORK- OPINION PARAGRAPH: INTERNET FOR REFUGEES

After having read Mr Zuckeberg article, I must say that I disagree with him. Bringing internet connection to the UN camps refugees is one of the things that they less need. From my viewpoint, we should invest this money in other aspescts, such as food or medicines.

Nevertheless, it is true that they could use a platform in order to say how they are feeling and how hard it is to live during a war. By doing so, people from developed countries would empathize and maybe they could raise money for helping them.

UNIT 6: COMPARISON/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS

(24/10/18)

Page 40.

1. Brainstorm ideas to compare and contrast. Think of people, places and things. Then compare your lists with a partner.

People: shy and extroverted

Places: huge and small

Things: rough and soft.

Page 41.

2. Read Yuko's e-mail message to her friend and answer the questions.

Topic sentence: My parents want me to live with a host family in the city, but I want to live in a shared flat in a hall of residence on the campus.

a. What two things does the second paragraph talk about?

About the advantages and disadvantages of living with a host family or in a shared flat on the campus.

b. Is the second paragraph mostly comparing or mostly contrasting? How do you know?

Mostly contrasting because it mentions the differences both aspects.

Page 42. 

3. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.

a. similar to

b. Likewise/Similarly

c. Both.... and

d. as... as

Page 43.

4. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.

a. while/though

b. different from

c. In contrast/On the other hand/However

d. more...than

Page 44.

5. Write eight sentences about these two cars. Write about four similarities and four differences.

SIMILARITIES

- Both cars are made in Germany.

- Both cars are for sale.

- Both are dark.

- The driver of the first car is the same as the other one.

DIFFERENCES

- Car 1 is bigger than car 2.

- Car 2 is more expensive than car 1.

- Car 2 is faster than car 1.

- Car 1 has more seats than car 2.

Page 45.

6. Read the two paragraphs above then answer the questions.

a. The first paragraph mostly compares and the second mostly contrasts.
b. Finish filling in the outlines on page 46 for each paragraph.

Topic A- Reading a book
Supporting points:
1. It has a lot of descriptions that let you develope your creativity.
2. You can know how each character is feeling in each moment of the story.
Topic B- Watching a film
Supporting points:
1. You do not have to be focused on
2. You can know the physical aspect of the characters and the scenarios.

Point-by-point organisation: Paragraph 2
Topic sentence: Marilyn Monroe and Princess Diana lived at different times in different countries, but their lives had some surprising similarities.

First point of comparison - difficult childhood

• A1: Marilyn Monroe- spent many years without parents in an orphanage.
• B1: Princess diana- mother left family.

Second point of comparison - married famous men

• A2: Princess Diana- married Prince Charles, later separated from him.
• B2: Marilyn Monroe- married a famous baseball player and later a famous writer, later separated from them.

Third point of comparison - popular

• A3: Princess Diana- was called 'The people's princess' because she was so friendly.
• B3: Marilyn Monroe - was famously sexy, she was well-liked because she seemed very innocent. 

Fourth point of comparison- had emotional problems

• A4: Marilyn Monroe- serious depression, went to the hospital for help.
• B4: Princess Diana - eating problem, had depression.

Fifth point of comparison - deaths

• A5: Monroe - died in 1962 at age 36
• B5: Diana - died in 1997 at age 36

PRACTICAL CLASS: POEMS OF COMPARISON (18/10/18)

You are like a spring day,

sometimes you get angry and your mind becomes a huge storm

sometimes you smile and you are like a rainbow after the rain.

Definitely, you light the way as you pass by as if you were a rainbow

and a long time ago, flowers started reminding me your name.

UNIT 7: PROBLEM/SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS

Page 50.

3. Work with a partner or small group. Discuss why these issues are problems. Then add two more issues and discuss them.
a. air pollution -> It is a huge problem because it makes the greenhouse effect increase and the icecaps are melting.
b. traffic -> It is a problem because it can produce a lot of accidents and air pollution.
c. overcrowded classrooms -> It is a problem because students get distracted more easily.
d. drugs-> They have a lot of negative effects on our health and they are addictive.
e. gambling -> It is even more addictive than drugs and people can lose everything they have.

A CURRENT PROBLEM

Page 52.
4. Underline the conditional sentences.

- If deforestation continues, the world's climate may change.
- If a lot of people make small changes in their lifestyle, the effect can be great.
- If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making.
- If you follow the three Rs -reduce,reuse, and recycle- you can help save the world's forests.

5. Complete these sentences by circling the correct form of the verb.
a. don't use... could get
b. will do... don't get
c. want... exercise... don't eat
d. fly... will be
e. can... think
f. will go... find

6. Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 

a. If it rains this weekend, I won't go to the beach.
b. If the library isn't open tomorrow, I will study at home.
c. If petrol prices increase even more, it will be cheaper to buy an electric car.
d. If I finish work early, I'll call you tonight.
e. If you set up a business, you can make a lot of money.
f. If he isn't coming with us, I won't go on holiday.

10. Work with a group. For each of these topic sentences, brainstorm solutions. Introduce each solution with one of the phrases above. Then think of one more problem together.

a. We must reduce exam stress for secondary students.
To meet this need, we should motivate students and practice with exams that do not count a lot.

b. Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to-face interaction.
One thing we can do is planning more school trips without mobile phones.

c. In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won't be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals' needs.
In order to overcome these problems, we should encourage students at school.

d. We need to find ways to protect young children from violence on television.
One solution is keeping an eye on them while they are watching TV.
One thing we can do is restricting some TV channels.

e. In the last 10 years more than 90 women die at the hands of their partners.
One solution would be cheering woman to report the aggressions in time.
A second final answer is believing women when they denounce for the first time.


EXERCISE: WRITE A PROBLEM PARAGRAPH

Smoking in public places is something that must be banned. It is true that we have already advanced, as smoking in indoor public places is already forbidden. However, in some terraces and bars, there are some people who disturb other costumers. As a matter of fact, even if they do not smoke, they are passive smokers and smelling it can hurt their body and health too. To meet this need, local service managers ought to reinforce the laws and if someone infringes them, they must have a fine. In order to overcome the problem of the terraces, I think people should ask the people around them if it is something annoying for them, and if they let him smoke it is all alright but they have the right to choose what they prefer.

Punctuation rules

EXERCISE

2. A company that wants to be successful must spend a great deal of money to advertise its products. (We do not need any commas)
3. Advertising is essential to the free enterprise system yet, it can sometimes be very annoying. (coordinator).
4. Every minute of the day and night people are exposed to ads on television, on billboards, in the newspapers and in magazines. (coordinator)
5. You cannot even avoid advertising in the privacy of your own car, or your own home, for advertisers have begun selling their products in those places too. (coordinator)

UNIT 8: THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY

(13/11/18)
Page 57

1. Label the three parts of this essay: introduction, main body paragraphs and conclusion.

- INTRODUCTION: First paragraph
- MAIN BODY PARAGRAPHS: Second and third paragraph.
- CONCLUSION: Fourth paragraph.

Page 58.

3. In these introductory paragraphs, underline the thesis statement. Then circle the topic and draw another line under the main idea in each thesis statement. 

a. Thesis statement: the UK can be divided into different regions that each has its own characteristic foods influenced by cultures of the people who live there.
Topic: British food.
Main idea: Each region has its own characteristic foods influenced by the cultures of the people who live there.

b.Thesis statement: As a result of human population growth, deforestation and hunting, the number of koalas has declined.
Topic: koalas.
Main idea: The number of koalas has declined due to humans and deforestation.

c. Thesis statement: No two Taoist gardens are exactly alike, but all Taoist gardens inglude four essential elements: water, mountains, buildings and bridges.
Topic: Taoist gardens.
Main idea: all Taoist gardens include the elements water, mountains, buildings and bridges.

Page 59.
4. Read these thesis statements below. Write ✓ (strong thesis statement), F (fact only- a weak thesis statement) or N (No clear opinion- a weak thesis statement).

a. F
b. N
c. F
d. ✓
e. N
f. F
g. ✓
h. N
i. F
j. ✓

(15/11/18)

HOW TO CONNECT: EXERCISE

• Paragraph A: The real truth is that there is more food in Britain than we think: For this paragraph we would need 3 paragraphs.
• Paragraph B: Although koalas are strong climbers, they are endangered species: We would need 4 paragraphs.

PRACTICE: Write your own essay

ZOOS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ANIMALS

Most people believe that zoos are safe and keep species away from the dangers of wildlife. They also think that zoos teach their visitors how to respect nature and animals, but the simple truth is that these places only show a bit of information about each creature that nobody reads. We all know that zoos are not created for the benefit of animals, they are created for our own benefit.

Furthermore, in zoos animals must be funny but not aggressive, which is their real behaviour. Birds can no longer fly, lions are locked and aquatic animals have not enough space to swim. As far as I am concerned, animals need to be in their habitat. Nevertheless, they are locked in cages, have behavioural problems and they do not eat fairly enough. Consequently, in the last years more than 14 animals have died due to the lack of service of the zoos.

Despite this, there are some natural spaces which their aim is to conserve species. They take care of them because they were in danger, hurt or abandoned. In my view, the best solution would be to bring qualified people to their habitats such as vets who take care of them. It would also be a good idea to convert the often criticized zoos in spaces that give attention and chances for animals.

In conclusion, as I said at the beginning, I’m against zoos that lock up animals.. As I see it, we do not have any power over their lives. If we are free and nobody locks us or tells us what to do, they should have the same right. All in all, I believe that most people are now aware of these problems and society is increasingly getting better until one day animals could be free and safe.

UNIT 9: OUTLINING AN ESSAY

(20/11/18)

EXAMPLES: Page 64

1. Read the outline on page 65. Answer the questions.

What will the tesis statement be?
Nuclear power is not a good energy source for the world.

How many paragrapphs there will be here?
4 paragraphs.

How many supporting points will the third paragraph have? What will they be?
Two supporting points, fuel products are dangerous and nuclear waste products are dangerous.

How many details will the fourth paragraph have? What will they be?
The fourth paragraph will have eight details: Three Mile Island, USA (1979); Tarapur, India (1992); Darlington, Canada (1992); Chernobyl, USSR (1986); Kola, Russia (1991); Tokaimura, Japan (1999); earthquake: Kozloduy, Bulgaria (1997); and tornado: Moruroa, the Pacific (1981).

Page 66.

2. Fill in this outline for the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. 

The changing vocabulary of English
I. Thesis statement: African Americans have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words.

II. Words introduced by African Americans.
A.OK
1. From an African language.
2. Now used all over the world to mean all right.
B. Jazz

III. Words whose meanings changed over time.
A. Coo1. Original meaning.
2. New meaning.
B. Square.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meaning.

IV. Conclusion: Existing ethnic groups in the US as well as new immigrants will certainly continue to bring new words to English and give fresh meanings to existing words.

3. Label each statement T for thesis statement. M for main idea, S for supporting point or C for conclusion.

a. S
b. M
c. S
d. S
e. M
f. S
g. S
h. S
i. S
j. T
k. S

UNIT 10: INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

(27/11/18)

Page 72

1. Read the introduction to the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Complete this diagram.

General ideas:
- Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England.
- English has been influenced by other countries or groups.
- Some words are borrowed from other language.

Specific idea (Thesis statement)
- African Americans have contributed and changed words.

2. Mark the strong introductions with a tick. Mark the weak introductions with a cross. What could do writers to make the weak introductions strong?

a. X. It is too short. The writer could add more sentences with supporting points and interesting information.
b. ✓
c. X. The introduction doesn't have a thesis statement.
d. X. It is too long and it has irrelevant information.
e. It is too short and the sentences are not related.

Page 74.

5. Look at the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57 again. Answer the questions.

a. Does the conclusion use any of the four techniques described above? Which ones?
Yes, it does. The conclusion restates the thesis and makes a final comment about the main idea of the essay.

b. Which sentence in the conclusion restates the thesis (from the introduction)?
The first sentence.


Page 75.

6. Match each of these introduction thesis statements with its rewritten version for a conclusion.
a. 3
b. 1
c. 5
d. 2
e. 6
f. 4

UNIT 11: UNITY AND COHERENCE

CLASSWORK: 04/12/18

Page 78

1. Read the essay on page 79 about Chinese medicine. Then do these tasks.

a. Underline the thesis statement with two lines.

The philosophy of Chinese medicine is not the same as the philosophy of modern medicine, but it is useful for curing many health problems.

b. Underline each topic sentence with one line.

First body paragraph: Modern medicine focuses on illness.

Second body paragraph: Instead of focusing on a patient's health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient's whole body well again.

c. List the supporting ideas in each main body paragraph on a separate piece of paper.

First main body paragraph:

1. In modern medicine, a patient with a cough gets medicine to stop the cough.

2. Different medicine given for fever.

3. Same medicine given to all people.

4. Philosophy of modern medicine- stop problems quickly.

Second main body paragraph:

1. Chinese medicine - two types  of energy in people.

2. One type is yin.

3. Second type is yang.

4. Imbalance means person in unhealthy.

5. Don't stop illness by giving medicine.

6. Herbs given to restore balance, so illness stops naturally.

d. After you have finished, review the topic sentences and supporting ideas. With a partner, discuss how the topic sentences relate to the thesis statement and how the supporting sentences relate to the topic sentences. Is the essay unified.

Yes, it is unified.

(11/12/18)

Page 83.

4. Use transitions to connect these sentences taken from the essay about Chinese medicine on page 79.

1. Instead

2. In particular

3. For example

4. Rather

5. Thus

Page 84

5. For each of the italicised pronouns in this passage, identify the noun or phrase to which it refers.

a. it = Barcelona

b. it = Barcelona

c. its = the Barrio Goticos

d. its = Barcelona's

e. they= Catalan speakers in and around Barcelona

f. there = in Barcelona

g. this = all of the previous points.

Page 86.

7. This paragraph needs more connection. Revise it.

Ho Chi Mihn City, located in Vietnam is a fascinating destination for travellers to South east Asia. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Southeast Asia, and the influence of French culture can still be felt. For example, many people, especially the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very well. In addition, some cafés serve French food. Another sign of French influence is that many of the buildings in the city are built in French style. There are also many museums and monuments documenting the country's long -and often bloody- history. The Vietnamese and the French also fought, but the French eventually let the country. If you are looking for a unique city to visit in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Mihn City is an attractive choice.

Page 87.

11. These pairs of sentences need to be joined together to form English proverbs. Choose the best transition words or phrases to connect each pair.

a. Don't count your chickens before they hatch.
b. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
c. Time flies when you're having fun.
d. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.
e. Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Cry, and you cry alone.
f. You don't know what water is worth until your well is dry.

UNIT 12: ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS

CLASSWORK (13/12/18)

Page 90.

2. Underline the most important part of the instructions in these essay questions.
a. Compare and contrast state and private secondary school education in your country.
b. Think of a story you have read which has also been made into a film. Describe the difference between the two versions.
c. Show how the rise in popularity of communication by mobile phone has changed the ways in which young people communicate.
d. Discuss three results of the Norman conquest of Great Britain in 1066. Which do you feel was the most important?
e. Which environmental problem is the most significant in your community? Explain how your community can solve this problem.