domingo, 30 de septiembre de 2018

JOURNAL WRITING

HOW YOUR LIFE HAS CHANGED SINCE YOU CAME TO THE USA

      My life has drastically changed since I came to the United States. In my little town of Brighton things were always the same: I used to walk to school and walk back home, I used to have dinner with my parents and go out with my friends without any problem.

It has been a year since I came here and I have faced a lot of difficulties. Definitely, the biggest problem has been the language and my trouble with accents. It's hard to describe American accent, it just sounds different than mine, and sometimes it was too hard to me to guess what people were saying. I had also trouble with words because some of them were different from my language.

Another big challenge was the gastronomy. I'm used to eating healthy food such as vegetables and soups and for me was a really big change because I didn't know a lot about cooking. Now, I eat more fast and unhealthy food and I think I'm gaining weigth.
Pararell that, I think people act like that because they are too busy to cook. Since I'm here I'm always in a hurry! Every day, I have to catch the underground and then catch a bus to get to school whereas in my town I only had to walk for five minutes.

Despite the inconveniences, I think I was right when I decided to leave my town and my family and start a new life here. I've learnt a lot about life and I've become more independent. I've met a lot of people who have brought me human values such as respect to different cultures and generosity. All in all, I encourage everyone to do something similar in order to learn more things about life, people or even themselves because it's a unique opportunity.

A SPECIAL SKILL YOU HAVE

       Some years ago, when I thought about me, I couldn't find anything I was good at. Meanwhile, most people had the skill of communication with other people, they wer good at singing, dancing, writing... However, some time ago I realized that I had an amazing skill, the empathy.

When I speak with my friends and help them with their problems, I always know how they are feeling, even before I speak with them. They always feel surprised about it. They also tell me that I give the best advice for each situation, sometimes even if I don't know what to do with my own problems.

In brief, although I don't have a visible skill such as singing, I am lucky to be able to help other people. In fact, it is really useful, not only in my relationships but also in some jobs like teaching or psychology.

A HOBBY

     Nowadays, people tend to have a really busy life and do not have time to relax or even have a hobby. Talking about me, I can't find anytimg I enjoy doing: I can't sing well, I do not have a big sporting spirit and I like painting but I am not a fan of it. Nevertheless, there is someting I love doing and I have realized a short while ago.

Last year, "Operación Triunfo" programme was released after a lot of years without being on TV. This programme was a reality show and a singing contest at the same time. Consequently, this kind of reality made you connect not only with the artist's voice, but also with his or her personality and feelings. Furthermore, I was  keen on Operacion Triunfo because the people who took part in it were the most part of them my age and they stood up for a lot of today's issues, such as feminism or the GLTB community.

Pararell that, I have always enyoyed music. When I have a bad day or I feel low, music is the only one that makes me forget all these problems and just feel real happy inside. Last year I went to their concert in Murcia and they made us feel special while we were singing their songs.


YOUR FAVOURITE SPORT TO PLAY OR WATCH
 8:40-9:05
        Since I was a little girl, my mother desperately wanted me to try a lot of different sports: I have done tennis, football, dancing and swimming for a long time but none of them gave me a real buzz. Now, I don’t have enough time to start a new sport, however, some day I would like to take up badminton.

I have only played badminton at school but I was good at it, I got a great mark in the exam and I beat all my classmates. I really enjoyed it because it made me feel energetic and powerful after playing. Badminton is a team sport so it also enables you to make new friends and strong bonds with people because you share the same interests.

Added to this, I have watched badminton matches on TV and I really enjoyed them and noticed that it requires a lot of speed, strength and precision.  Most people think that badminton is a copy from tennis, but the real truth is that the court is smaller, which means that you have to be more focused on the ball and run faster, and in tennis the skills required are completely different.
In brief, I have never had a big sporting spirit but I am pretty sure that when I finish the courses I will have time to take up badminton. I am looking forward to starting doing sport instead of watching it on TV.

AN ACCIDENT
9:05-9:35
          During my whole life I have had a lot of car and motorbike accidents but none of them was really serious. However, there is a shoking accident I will never forget although it didn't happen to me, it happened to my friend's grandfather.

He was an exceptional sportsman and person, and he loved going out with his bycicle and his friends. Although he was old enough to retire, he continued working and he always went to his job by bike. Unfortunatelly. one day, he was coming back home by bike  with all his colleagues but he was a bit ahead the rest of the group, a driver became dizzy, went off his lane and hit him on his head. The ambulance arrived as fast as they could, but they couldn't do anything, he had died. It was a real tragedy and my friend was really affected.

BEING ON TIME  
21:32-21:51 
       I do not get on well with punctual people. I always try to be on time because I know how disturbing it is to be waiting for someone. However, even when I have enough time to prepare, something happens to me in the last minute and makes me be late. For instance, last night I met with a friend at 9 PM and my cousin appeared at home just when I was leaving home so I had to leave later. I am sorry for the people that have to wait for me but, fortunatelly, my closest friends are like me and I love them as they are.

THE PEOPLE YOU LIVE WITH
9:45-10:02
         I live with my family in a countryside house in Totana. My mother's name is Rosa and she work's as a bailiff in the court. My father's name is Vicente, they are married for 30 years and he doesn't work. He used to work as a doctor but last year he had to retire due to a disease. I have a younger brother, his name is a cross between my grandfathers' names, he's called Pedro Jesús. He is 15 and he is in fourth year of high school, he loves football and playing video games. My family and I love each other a lot and have a lot of cousins and relatives, but the person I most admire is my great-grandfather Juan. He is 106 years old and he has been singing during his whole life. He is really loved in my family and in my town.

AMERICAN CUSTOMS YOU LIKE/DISLIKE
10:05-10:45
      I love America for a lot of reasons but it's true that there are a lot of differences between Spanish culture and their culture, and there are some of them that I like and some others I dislike. The biggest diffence is the food, here in Spain we eat a wide range of different meals, we eat healthier food while they are used to eating fast food. But, above all, the thing I most dislike is that the possession of weapons is legal there and most people have a gun at home. For me, it is scary because not everyone has the mental stability to have one. I do not like these customs, as well as I do not like their timetable, because they are always in a hurry. In contrast, I prefer their way of living because they do not think in what other people wear, do or say whereas here people often criticize other people. This is what I think but I have to go there to prove if it's real.

AN IMPORTANT STORY IN THE NEWS
20:30-20:58
       I can't stand watching news about gender violence or violations because I think nowadays this shouldn't exist. The last story I saw was about a young 23 year-old boy that had killed her girlfriend in a firing range. He was working during a month and when he recieved the money, he invited all his friends to do shooting because he was going to "celebrate something". Actually, he was celebrating the death of her girlfriend, just before the rest of the group arrived, he shot her in the head and then, killed himself. It enrages me to see everyday this type of news on TV because some men think that they have the power over their girlfriends' lifes. I think that this story isn't only scary, but it's also very important to know how severe these actions are, and, as I see it, if we do not give serious consideration and importance to them, these sad stories will never end.

THE WORKING STUDENT
19:26-19:39
      The working student should be admired. Some people don't have enough money to pay university because, in some cases, it is too expensive and they have to look for a job for the weekends, or even they have to leave school because they can't afford to pay that much. It is really difficult to organize your timetable at university due to the huge amount of information we need to memorize, so if someone has a job too, it's nearly impossible to manage the time and the stress. That's why I think that people who do their best at school should be rewarded and have university for free. It's true that nowadays there are some scholarships, but there should be more in order to meet the specific needs of everyone, as we all know the importance of education nowadays.

A BIG MISTAKE YOU ONCE MADE
10:45-11:06
       In my fourth year of high school, I made a huge mistake. We had to decide if we wanted to study a scientific programme or subjects more related to arts and literature. I already knew that I loved English but I wasn't sure if in the future I would like to have a job related to it. As I had great marks, my teachers advised me to take up the scientific programme because it offered me more career opportunities. In the end, I chose this programme and, when I started it, I realized that I didn't like sciences at all and I really wanted to study English in the future. It was a hard year because I didn't have any motivation when I had to study and in my last exams and courses, I didn't pay attention or make any effort as I hated every subject. It took me a year to realize, but I'm pleased I changed my mind just in time.

USING E-MAIL
11:10-11:25
      Nowadays, letters have been replaced by e-mails, the quickest and easiest way of communicating. E-mails can provide a lot of benefits, for example, you can easily send texts, files, videos or even documents in the same mail. They are more convenient than a letter, as an email can reach its recipient in a few seconds and the same message can be sent to a large number of people too, whereas letters take days to reach their destination. They are also free, and it doesn't care how far the destination is. And, added to this, they are permanent, while a letter can be lost, an e-mail stays in our computers forever and it's really easy to look for them.

Nevertheless, it's true that they have a few disadvantages, such as the unsolicited mails, called spam, that overwhelm our system, or some viruses that can enter to our computer. But one solution for that would be installing a firewall software.

All in all, I think e-mails are more convenient in order to communicate everyday, but it is also true that it's pleasant to recieve a letter at home from time to time. For that reason I hope letters never disappear.

CELL PHONES
16:21-16:58


    Cell phones and social networks are the easiest access to any information we can think of. Nowadays, people are techno-lovers, they use social networks without any control and they never get tired of them. But does it make a positive or a negative impact on them?

At the present time, we can do everything with a technological gadget, we can online shopping, search for information or even communicate with people who are abroad in a few seconds. This advanced technology is the best invent in the last years, as it allows us to do nearly everything without any effort.

But in contrast, there are some problems that people have to face when we use these devices. For instance, the constant use of social networks can create a social media addiction, which is increasingly growing in the last years.  People, especially teenagers, are constantly checking their own social networks even if they do not receive any message just to see the number of likes they have in their last photo, for example. 

Added to this, as I have said, we all have an easy access to photos, videos, and information, but this can become a very dangerous tool. In fact, someone can accidentally upload a photo on the internet that stays in other people’s devices forever because it’s too difficult to get rid of a photo once it's on the network.

In brief, as I said at the beginning, social networks are a really useful tool but with a wrong use, they can be extremely dangerous. Therefore, I believe that everyone can go online when they want but being aware of the problems they can produce.

TEENAGERS

     Nowadays, teenagers have become a very influenciable age-group. In the last ten years, with the advent of social networks, it is even worse. Teenagers believe that if they buy brand-name outfits or luxury cars, they will have the same body or life as celebrities. It seems funny but this can become extremely dangerous because some guys may get obsessed with their image.

On the other hand, we have clear and fixed ideas related to other aspects. As I see it, we are a more tolerant generation. Our grandparents or even some parents have a closed mind and do not conceive some issues such as open relationships, homosexuality or bisexuality, while it is something familiar to us. For that reason, we should help our older generations in order to improve our society.

THE RIGHT AGE TO GET MARRIED

    As we all know, love is ageless and I can not think about the right age to get married. Some years ago, marriage was something needed and people used to get married at the age of 23-26. However, nowadays people prefer not to marry and live together because a wedding is something extremely expensive.

From my viewpoint, I would like to get married after having done a lot of things in life, such as travelling, completing my university degree, meeting new friends... Nevertheless, love can appear at any time and I do not know what the future holds for me yet.

A GOOD FRIEND

    A good friend is someone that stays with you no matter the distance or the frequency you see each other. I and my group of friends see each other really often and do a lot of things together. We have traveled together, graduated, gone through some bad moments and some amazing moments. For that reason, I know that if something happened to me, they would never leave me alone.

SHOPPING

    Nowadays, there are a lot of different ways of shopping, however, each way has its advantages and disadvantages.

On one hand, in a physical store, you can try outfits on and see if they fit you, and with objects it happens the same, you can see the texture, size, weight and quality of your product. However, shops sometimes are so crowded that you can't find what you want and you also have to wait for really long queues. Added to this, there are sometimes more things online than in the physical store.
On the other hand, online shopping has a longer process, especially if you want to return the product. You also can be a victim of a fraud, so you should watch out the websites in which you buy your products. Nevertheless, online shopping has a lot of advantages and they are increasingly growing up: You can buy from home so you do not have to go to the shop, you can also look for a lot of different shops at the same time and compare the same product, while this is so difficult in a supermarket.

YOUR LAST DAY IN YOUR COUNTRY

       Tomorrow I'm leaving my country for the first time and I'm going to the United States in order to spend a year learning English. I'm very excited about it as I know this would be an unforgettable experience and a great opportunity, however, I cannot help missing Spain.

Today I am seeing my family and my friends for the last time, I'll miss them a lot. I'll also miss the food here, it is really healthy and diverse, whereas in the USA it is not that good. Added to this, I love our weather and our people; I love going out with sunny weather and talking with my neighbors for ages. I think people there, would not be that friendly because they have a really stressful life and do not want to make friends.

All in all, I'm afraid of these aspects but I am sure that traveling to the USA would be the best experience of my life.

YOUR FIRST DAY IN THE UNITED STATES

    It is my first day in the United States and I have mixed feelings. On one hand, I love the country because people are not as I thought. I have already introduced myself to my neighbors and they are lovely people. Nevertheless, I was walking by the street and three people have bumped into me because they were in a hurry. The life here is stressful and busy.

Fortunately, the views of the city are spectacular, I have never seen anything so beautiful. These buildings make me remember why I wanted to be here. I'm also taking the opportunity to practice my English here, however, it is very difficult for me because I have a trouble with their accent, it just sounds completely different from what I have always learned at school.
I still have a few problems but I hope I will get used to the way of living here soon.

DISCRIMINATION

     One of the social issues I most hate is discrimination. I can't understand how someone can judge other people by their race, religion, physical handicaps or sexual orientation. Unfortunately, discrimination is still a fact in our society: if someone is going to look for a job, a heterosexual white man is far more likely to be hired. It is also a fact that if a foreign or a poor man commits a crime, he would be judged by a lot of people because of their race or social condition. 
By contrast, a rich and handsome man would never be judged by society or even by the law. There is a great example in the last days: Cristiano Ronaldo has admitted that he raped a woman that refused to have anything with him, however, any social media is commenting or giving importance to this news and those who comment, say things like "why wouldn't she anything with Cristiano Ronaldo? I am sure that she's lying.". Meanwhile, if he were a black man, all mass media would be commenting about it.
All in all, we are all equal before the law but, as we see, there is still a long way to be equal in our society. However, I am very happy to see that people are more and more aware that it does not matter your social or sexual conditions, rather, differences make us unique and create diversity in the world.

YOUR FAVOURITE FOOD

I do not have a favorite food but if I had to choose, I prefer Italian food. I love pizza, spaghetti, tortellini... and the more cheese they have, the better they are. However, I am not a fan of vegetables and salad, I would love to like them and have a healthy diet but it is impossible for me. Talking about sweet food, what I most like eating is Nutella crêpes or chocolate milkshakes. I would like to stop talking about food because I'm hungry and I have got nothing to eat.

THE BEST CAR TO OWN

This year I'm already of legal age and I would like to get my driving license. However, when I get it, I won't have any car to drive, as my mother and my father use their cars for basically everything. Therefore, I need to buy a new car but I do not have any idea which would be the best for me.
First and foremost, it shouldn't be too expensive because, as a university student, I have too many expenses yet. Due to this, I would buy a second-hand car. Since it is my first car and I do not know to drive properly, I do not mind the car condition, but it might be better to have a little one in order to park without any problem. In brief, if I bought a car I would look for one that meets these conditions and for me, it would be the best car to own.

SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES

     Smoking in public places is something that must be banned. It is true that we have already advanced, as smoking in indoor public places is already forbidden. However, in some terraces and bars, there are some people who disturb other costumers. As a matter of fact, even if they do not smoke, they are passive smokers and smelling it can hurt their body and health too. To meet this need, local service managers ought to reinforce the laws and if someone infringes them, they must have a fine. In order to overcome the problem of the terraces, I think people should ask the people around them if it is something annoying for them, and if they let him smoke it is all alright but they have the right to choose what they prefer.

A MOVIE STAR OR SINGER YOU LIKE


   Johnny Depp is an American musician and one of the most versatile Hollywood actors. He is most known perhaps for his role as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean series.
He was born on the 9th June 1963 in Kentucky, but at the age of 16 he left his city to start his music career and he moved to Florida. He married a woman there who had Nicolas Cage as friend and he managed to audition with the director Wes Craven.

He started his work as actor and he appeared in many films, but Johnny achieved more success with Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands and his role as Willy Wonka, the reclusive candy baron, in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Depp continued showing his versatility in films with roles as a 19th century accountant in Dead Man. However, his real fame and success came with his role as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean: the Curse of the Black Pearl . After his apparition in multiple instalments of Pirates of the Caribbean, he has been nominated for a lot of awards. He also took part in a film adaption of Stephen Sondheim’s musical and Johnny earned praise for his acting but also his singing and he received an Oscar nomination. In total, he has been awarded the Golden Globe and he has been nominated for the Oscars for 3 times.

As I have mentioned before, what I most like about this actor is his versatility. I love his role as Willy Wonka because he is a funny and strange character that I had never seen before. By contrast, in his appearance in Pirates of the Caribbean, he is a listless and a saucy pirate, but he also makes funny comments.  I also love his role as the Mad Hattler because he acts so perfect that makes everyone think that he is actually crazy.


martes, 25 de septiembre de 2018

ASSIGNMENTS

UNIT 1: PRE-WRITING: GETTING READY TO WRITE


NARROWING 

  • TRAVELLING > TRAVELS AND YOUNG PEOPLE > ERASMUS IN EUROPE > WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST ATTRACTIONS FOR ERASMUS IN EUROPE
  • TECHNOLOGY > YOUNG PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY > YOUNG PEOPLE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS > CYBERBULLYING AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT
  • PARTIES > FESTIVALS > ELECTRONIC FESTIVALS IN SPAIN > WHAT CAN WE FIND IN ELECTRONIC FESTIVALS IN SPAIN?
  • FEMINISM > WOMAN FIGHT >   WOMAN RIGHTS BEFORE AND AFTER > EVOLUTION OF WOMAN RIGHTS AT WORK > INCORPORATION OF WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
  • GREAT AUTHORS > GREAT AUTHORS IN ENGLAND > WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE > "SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE" FILM > SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE REFERENCES TO SHAKESPEARE'S LIFE AND WORK
  • VAMPIRES > VAMPIRES IN BOOKS > DRACULA > ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF DRACULA
  • CHINESE FOOD > INGREDIENTS IN CHINESE FOOD DIFFERENT FROM SPANISH FOOD > THE USE OF SEAWEEDS IN CHINESE DISHES > THE USE OF SEAWEEDS IN CHINESE DISHES AND THEIR BENEFITS
  • FASHION > FASHION AND SOCIAL NETWORKS > JOBS RELATED TO FASHION AND INTERNET: INFLUENCERS > WHAT ARE INFLUENCERS AND WHAT IS THEIR JOB?
  • SPORTS >  OLYMPIC GAMES > WOMEN IN OLYMPIC GAMES > WOMEN WHO HAVE WON THE OLYMPIC GAMES
  • PSYCHOLOGY > IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY > PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS > PERSONALITY DISORDERS 
  • ALL KIND OF MUSIC > MUSIC TV CONTESTS > MUSIC TV CONTESTS IN SPAIN> OPERACION TRIUNFO
  • PUNK > PUNK GROUPS IN THE 2000'S > GREEN DAY > GREEN DAY, PUNK MUSIC AND INFLUENCES OF OTHER STYLES

Page 5.
1. Choose three topics from the list. Narrow each of the three down to a paragraph topic. Then compare with a partner.

My country:
  1. Kinds of toursim in Spain
  2. Spanish gastronomy
  3. Spanish customs
  4. Differences between Spanish culture and English culture
Friends:
  1. Pen-friends
  2. Childhood friendship
  3. University friends
  4. Family or friends
Dancing:
  1. Fama Revolution contest
  2. Different kinds of dancing of the world
  3. New styles of dancing in the last 5 years
  4. Best dancers of the world
Exercise 2 page 6
Teenage fashions:
  • Music: rap, techno...
  • Clothes
  • Social networks
  • Dancing
  • Trends
  • Clubs 
  • Celebrities
  • Series
  • Films
Exercise 3 page 6
Festivals:
  • Music
  • Friends
  • Having fun with friends
  • Harmful substances: alcohol, drugs...
  • Celebrities
  • New people

EXERCISE DONE IN CLASS
LISTING

CULTURE SHOCK

  • Different language
  • Communication problems
  • Poor verbal skills
  • Different lifestyle
  • No integration in school.
  • Lack vocabulary
  • Families don't spend time together

EXERCISE DONE IN CLASS



FREE WRITING (problems you can find when you start in a new class)

It is very difficult to start in a new center because you do not know anyone, especially for shy people. When you are the only person who is new it is even more difficult because you think that you won't fit in any group.However, this is also a good opportunity to meet new people and improve your communication skills and ,above all, knowing people with whom you share more things that you would expect.

ASKING QUESTIONS: SHORT STORIES

  • Why they always have a happy ending?
  • Who are the most important writers of short stories?
  • What are the main elements of a short story?
  • How are writers inspired?

UNIT 2: THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH


EXERCISE 1
Read the sentences in each group and decide which sentence is the best topic sentence and what is wrong with the other sentences (they may be too general, too specific or incomplete).

Group 2: a. The history of astronomy is interesting: Too general
               b. Ice age people recorded the appearance of new moons by making scratches in animal                       bones: too specific.
               c. For example, Stonehenge in Britain, built 3500 years ago to track the movement of the                     sun: incomplete.
               d. Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways: Best TS.
              Topic: Lunar and solar events.

Group 3:   a. It is hard to know which foods are safe to eat nowadays: Best TS.
                 b. In some large ocean fish, there are high levels of mercury: too specific.
                 c. Not to mention mad cow disease: Incomplete.
                 d. Food safety is an important issue: Too general.
              Topic: Safe food nowadays.

Group 4:   a. Hybrid automobiles more economical to operate tan gasolin-powered cars: incomplete.
                 b. The new hybrid automobiles are very popular: too general.
                 c. Hybrid cars have good fuel economy because a computer under the hood decides to run                   the electric motor, the small gasolin engine, or the two together: too specific.
                 d. The new hybrid automobiles are popular because of their fuel economy : Best TS.
                Topic: Hybrid automobiles.

Group 5:  a. The North American Catawba Indians of the Southeast and the Tlingitof the Northwest                     both see the rainbow as a kind of bridge between heaven and earth: too specific.
                b. A rainbow seen from an airplane is a complete circle: best TS.
                c. Rainbows are beautiful: too general.
                d. The belief that you can find a pot of gold at a rainbow's end: incomplete.

EXERCISE 2
Read the following scrambled paragraphs and decide which sentence is the topic sentence.

  • Paragraph 1: f. Most personal digital assistans (PDAs) have tools for basic tasks as well as for multimedia functions.
  • Paragraph 2: The number of nation competing in the "space race"has grown since the early days of space exploration.
  • Paragraph 3: d. The automobile revolutionized the way of life in the United States.
  • Paragraph 4: b. The formation of a volcanic eruption is a dramatic series of events.
EXERCISE 3
Circle the topic sentence and underline the controlling idea in each of the following sentences.

  1. Driving on freeways requires skill and alertness.
  2. Driving on freeways requires strong nerves.
  3. Driving on freeways requires an agressive attitude.
  4. The Caribean island of Trinidad attracts tourists because of its calypso music.
  5. Spectacular beaches make Puerto Rico a tourist paradise.
  6. Moving away from home can be a stressful experience for young people.
  7. Many religious rules arose from the health needs of ancient times.
  8. A major problem for many students is the high cost of tuition and books.
  9.  Participating in class discussions is a problem for several different groups of students.
  10.  In my opinion, television commercials for cosmetics lie to woman.
  11.  Owning an automobile is a necessity for me.
  12. It is an expensive luxury to own an automobile in a large city.

EXERCISE 4

PARAGRAPH 1: English language contains more foreign words than we thought.
PARAGRAPH 2: There are big differences between the educational system of Europe and the North American one.

SUPPORTING SENTENCES

Find in the text an example, a stadistic and a quotation.
- An example: 5
- A stadistic: 3
- A quotation: 7

PRACTICAL CLASS: (02/10/18)

Exercise 1: Greeting cards.

- Topic sentence: Have you noticed how many different kinds of greetng cards you can use by these days?
- Concluding sentence: In short, there is now a greeting card for every possible life event and for a few nonevents as well.
- Techniques used for the supporting sentence: enumeration, listing...

Exercise 2: A hawaiian legend.
- Topic sentence: Native people create legends to explain unusual phenomena in their environment.
- Concluding sentence: This story is a good example of a legend invented by native people to interprete the world around them.

Exercise 3: Paragraph 1
- Topic sentence: You can be a good conversionalist by being a good listener.
- Concluding sentence: Be relaxed and bend your body slightly forward to show nterest in the person and the conveersation.
- Technique used: giving details.

Exercise 4: Paragraph 2
- Topic sentence: Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy.
- Concluding sentence: Because they do not have enough time to respond to these messages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings or on weekends at home.



  UNIT 3: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH


Page 17
2. In the paragraph above, underline the topic sentence. Below, list the details used to support the topic sentence. Compare your answers with a partner. 

Topic sentence: You'll love working out at the Atlas Health Centre, and you'll love what it does for you.
Details:
a. State of the art exercise equipment.
b. Large, air-conditioned rooms.
c. Work out alone or with trainers.
d. Aerobics. swimming and kickboxing classes.
e. staff nutrition experts.
f. relax with whirlpool bath and sauna.

3. An explanation tells the reader what something means or how something works. In this paragraph, underline the topic sentence. Then answer the questions.

Topic sentence: My mother, who likes sewing, used this simple saying to teach me the value of working on problems when they are still small.
a. He's trying to explain the saying: 'a stitch in time saves nine'.
b. Yes, I understand the explanation.

4/10/18
Page 19
9.  Work with a partner. Take turns reading these paragraphs aloud. Is the main idea developed by details, an explanation, or an example? Is there a concluding sentence? Circle yes or no. If there is no concluding sentence, write one with your partner. 

PARAGRAPH A
Means of support: Example.
- Concluding sentence: YES

PARAGRAPH B
Means of support: Details.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- As we see, it's surprising all the things that I love from this subject.

PARAGRAPH C
Means of support: Example.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- After this experience, I will never sing in public again.

PARAGRAPH D
Means of support: Details.
- Concluding sentence: YES

PARAGRAPH E
- Means of support: Explanation.
- Concluding sentence: NO
- People who like me as I am are my real friends.


PRACTICAL CLASS: PEER EDITING  (04/10/18)

THERE ARE SOME CELLPHONE MANNERS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

Constant cell phone use can impose a lifetime of health issues. Firstly, the use of cell phone is bad for a lot of things as a headache, insomnia, and even the use can cause cancer. But, at the same time, in the 21th century, it's impossible to have a normal life without having a cell phone, using it for work, for maintaining contact with family and even for school.
So, althought it's at some point unhealthy for us, at the same time, it's completely neccessary for living.

COMMENTS:

Here we have two paragraphs with 4 sentences.  The topic sentence is: "Constant cell phone use can impose a lifetime of health issues." and the concluding sentence is  "So, although it's at some point unhealthy for us, at the same time, it's completely neccessary for living." The content is good and she has two fixed points and she supports them with good examples.
Nevertheless, I think she should have developed her idea of the health issues because it's too short and she could have provided really interesting information. Added to this she should have developped it in a single paragraph.
All in all, the writer has good points and what he needs to do is providing more supporting points to his ideas.


UNIT 4: DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS

PRACTICAL CLASS: DESCRIBING A PLACE

Write a paragraph describing this place
If  I had to talk about a place I love, I'd definitely choose the cliff of the Giant's Causeway. It is located in Northern Ireland and I possibly like it that much because of its views and its weather. When I go there, I sit in front of the sea and see how the waves crash against the rocks while I watch the sunset. Due to the time of the day, the sky is colored by yellow and red, contrasting with the dark blue of the sea, and the temperatures begin to drop. When I feel a bit low, I always go there, listen to the sound of the waves, smell the salt of the sea, close my eyes and just feel comfortable and relaxed.
When I see this image I remember the magic of the cliff of the Giant's Causeway and I can't think of a place where I feel better than there.

Page 26
2. Read this description from a travel brochure. Circle the adjectives.
Popular, beautiful, white, amazed, three-lined, fast-moving, loud, roaring, cool, unforgettable.

3. Read this paragraph that describes someone's favourite place. Underline the prepositions.
to, from, on, in, on either side of, into, to, at, in, from,at, near, on, at, from, with, in.

4. Write six sentences to describe the place where you are right now. Try to answer some of the questions under 'using adjectives' on page 25. Use adjectives and prepositions.
I am doing my assignments in the bedroom of my countryside house. It is a wide bedroom and now it starts to be a little cold. In here, I feel relaxed because I can't hear any noise, but at the same time, it is nostalgic and unhappy as I want to be outside instead of here. From my window, I can see my dogs running and a wide range of attractive plants and flowers. And now, I can see a big bedroom with colorful pictures and paintings.

5. With a partner, add at least two other adjectives to the two lists above.
  • Personality: easy-going, sweet.
  • Physical characteristics: old, athletic.
6. Read this description written by a young woman about her grandmother. Circle the adjectives that describe the grandmother.

Not very big, tiny, very thin, strong, happy, patient, good, afraid, annoyed, interesting, best.

Page 29.
9. A process paragraph is a description of how to do something. It explains the steps you need to follow to complete an activity. Read this recipe and do the exercises below.

  • a. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence of the paragraph.
  • Topic sentence: Brown rice and vegetables is a simple and delicious meal to make.
  • Concluding sentence: Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
  • b. List the steps for making brown rice and vegetables in the order you find them.
  1. Cook the rice.
  2. Cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces.
  3. Heat the oil, chili sauce and garlic.
  4. Add the vegetables and fry them until they are soft.
  5. Stir in the cooked rice.
  6. Add salt and pepper.
  7. Put the rice and vegetables into a large bowl and serve it.
  • c. How are the steps in the paragraph connected together? What words do you see that help show the sequence to follow? Underline them.
  • With transition words, such as first, then, next, after that, now, after, finally, now.
10. Add other transition words you know to the list above.
Last but not least, following, at this time, above all.

11. Choose appropiate transition words to connect the steps in this paragraph about preparing for a trip.
a. First of all.
b. Before.
c. Once.
d. Then.
e. While
f. Following.
g. Finally.

Page 31.
12. Order the steps to form a process paragraph. Write 1 next to the first step, 2 for the second step, and so on.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 5
e. 3
f. 7
g. 1

UNIT 5: OPINION PARAGRAPHS


Page 34
2. Do these types of writing use mostly facts, opinions or an even mixture of both? Write F for fact, O for opinion, or B for both. Explain your choices to a partner.
a. Both
b. Opinion
c. Fact
d. Both
e. Fact
f. Opinion
g. Both
h. Opinion or both

3. Can you think of other types of writing that use opinions? Make a list. Then make a list of types of writing that use facts.
- Use opinions: A personal letter, a review and an article of a magazine.
- Use facts: A scientific article.

4. Read these sentences. Write F if the sentence is a fact, and O if the sentence is an opinion.
a. Opinion
b. Opinion
c. Fact
d. Fact
e. Opinion
f. Fact
g. Opinion
h. Opinion

5. Write three fact sentences and three opinion sentences.
Fact:
- Murcia is located in the South East of Spain.
- The Earth is round.
- Sound travels at 330 meters per second.
Opinion:
- Real Madrid is the best football team of the league.
- Football is the best sport.
- Maths are a difficult subject.

Page 36.

9. Read these statements that express opinions. Add three of your own.

1. Smoking must be banned in all restaurants and bars. I agree because it harms people who do not smoke.
2. University students should not have part-time jobs. I disagree because they can do what they want in order to earn more money, but it is true that they all should have scholarships.
3. Gambling should be banned. I agree because it is as dangerous as drugs or smoking and people can become extremely addicted to it.
4. Women are better at cooking than men. I disagree because that fact is something that society has imposed us, but both genres are just as capable to do it.
5. We should use public transport in order to reduce pollution. I agree because cars pollute a lot.

(18/10/18)
Page 37
13. Complete this opinion paragraph using because or since, so, or Therefore. Add punctuation where necessary.

a. so
b. because
c. Since
d. so
e. because
f. Therefore,

14. Use the connectors of cause and effect in brackets to join these ideas. You may change the order of ideas. 
a. The city doesn't have enough money, so we ought to increase council tax.
b. I'm going to leave my part-time job because I don't have enough time for my homework.
c. Some plants and trees have been dying since this summer has been very dry.
d. Many students are graduating with nursing degrees. Therefore, it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future.
e. My friends all recommend that restaurant so I will try it this weekend.

15. Look again at the opinions that were expressed in exercise 9. Complete these sentences in your notebook with your own ideas about these opinions. Use appropriate punctuation.

a. Because cars pollute a lot, we should use public transport.
b. Students should have part-time jobs since they are in their right to have them.
c. Pollution is increasing so we should use public transport more often.
d. Since it can become a huge addiction, they should ban gambling.
e. Smoking in public places must be banned because it disturbs the rest of the costumers.
f. Men and women have the same cooking skills. Therefore, they both should do the house chores and cook.

PRACTICAL CLASS: ANALYSIS OF A TED TALK (18/10/18)

- What's the topic of the TED talk? What's the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
- What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
- What's the speaker conclusion? How does he conclude?

- The topic of the TED talk is educational systems and their lack of creativity. The main idea is that schools are killing creativity and he introduces it at the beginning with previous opinions about his conference.
- He always illustrates his ideas with some examples. He uses art, literature and other aspects, for instance, he has talked about Shakespeare and a child who was a dancer.
- He concludes the conference by saying that it is necessary to change our educational system.

HOMEWORK- OPINION PARAGRAPH: INTERNET FOR REFUGEES

After having read Mr Zuckeberg article, I must say that I disagree with him. Bringing internet connection to the UN camps refugees is one of the things that they less need. From my viewpoint, we should invest this money in other aspescts, such as food or medicines.

Nevertheless, it is true that they could use a platform in order to say how they are feeling and how hard it is to live during a war. By doing so, people from developed countries would empathize and maybe they could raise money for helping them.

UNIT 6: COMPARISON/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS


(24/10/18)
Page 40.
1. Brainstorm ideas to compare and contrast. Think of people, places and things. Then compare your lists with a partner.

People: shy and extroverted
Places: huge and small
Things: rough and soft.

Page 41.
2. Read Yuko's e-mail message to her friend and answer the questions.

Topic sentence: My parents want me to live with a host family in the city, but I want to live in a shared flat in a hall of residence on the campus.
a. What two things does the second paragraph talk about?
About the advantages and disadvantages of living with a host family or in a shared flat on the campus.
b. Is the second paragraph mostly comparing or mostly contrasting? How do you know?
Mostly contrasting because it mentions the differences both aspects.

Page 42. 
3. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. similar to
b. Likewise/Similarly
c. Both.... and
d. as... as

Page 43.
4. Complete these sentences with phrases from above.
a. while/though
b. different from
c. In contrast/On the other hand/However
d. more...than

Page 44.
5. Write eight sentences about these two cars. Write about four similarities and four differences.
SIMILARITIES
- Both cars are made in Germany.
- Both cars are for sale.
- Both are dark.
- The driver of the first car is the same as the other one.

DIFFERENCES
- Car 1 is bigger than car 2.
- Car 2 is more expensive than car 1.
- Car 2 is faster than car 1.
- Car 1 has more seats than car 2.

Page 45.
6. Read the two paragraphs above then answer the questions.

a. The first paragraph mostly compares and the second mostly contrasts.
b. Finish filling in the outlines on page 46 for each paragraph.

Topic A- Reading a book
Supporting points:
1. It has a lot of descriptions that let you develope your creativity.
2. You can know how each character is feeling in each moment of the story.
Topic B- Watching a film
Supporting points:
1. You do not have to be focused on
2. You can know the physical aspect of the characters and the scenarios.

Point-by-point organisation: Paragraph 2
Topic sentence: Marilyn Monroe and Princess Diana lived at different times in different countries, but their lives had some surprising similarities.

First point of comparison - difficult childhood

  • A1: Marilyn Monroe- spent many years without parents in an orphanage.
  • B1: Princess diana- mother left family.
Second point of comparison - married famous men
  • A2: Princess Diana- married Prince Charles, later separated from him.
  • B2: Marilyn Monroe- married a famous baseball player and later a famous writer, later separated from them.
Third point of comparison - popular
  • A3: Princess Diana- was called 'The people's princess' because she was so friendly.
  • B3: Marilyn Monroe - was famously sexy, she was well-liked because she seemed very innocent. 
Fourth point of comparison- had emotional problems

  • A4: Marilyn Monroe- serious depression, went to the hospital for help.
  • B4: Princess Diana - eating problem, had depression.
Fifth point of comparison - deaths
  • A5: Monroe - died in 1962 at age 36
  • B5: Diana - died in 1997 at age 36
PRACTICAL CLASS: POEMS OF COMPARISON (18/10/18)

You are like a spring day,
sometimes you get angry and your mind becomes a huge storm
sometimes you smile and you are like a rainbow after the rain.
Definitely, you light the way as you pass by as if you were a rainbow
and a long time ago, flowers started reminding me your name.

UNIT 7: PROBLEM/SOLUTION PARAGRAPHS


Page 50.
3. Work with a partner or small group. Discuss why these issues are problems. Then add two more issues and discuss them.
a. air pollution -> It is a huge problem because it makes the greenhouse effect increase and the icecaps are melting.
b. traffic -> It is a problem because it can produce a lot of accidents and air pollution.
c. overcrowded classrooms -> It is a problem because students get distracted more easily.
d. drugs-> They have a lot of negative effects on our health and they are addictive.
e. gambling -> It is even more addictive than drugs and people can lose everything they have.

A CURRENT PROBLEM

Page 52.
4. Underline the conditional sentences.

- If deforestation continues, the world's climate may change.
- If a lot of people make small changes in their lifestyle, the effect can be great.
- If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making.
- If you follow the three Rs -reduce,reuse, and recycle- you can help save the world's forests.

5. Complete these sentences by circling the correct form of the verb.
a. don't use... could get
b. will do... don't get
c. want... exercise... don't eat
d. fly... will be
e. can... think
f. will go... find

6. Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 

a. If it rains this weekend, I won't go to the beach.
b. If the library isn't open tomorrow, I will study at home.
c. If petrol prices increase even more, it will be cheaper to buy an electric car.
d. If I finish work early, I'll call you tonight.
e. If you set up a business, you can make a lot of money.
f. If he isn't coming with us, I won't go on holiday.

10. Work with a group. For each of these topic sentences, brainstorm solutions. Introduce each solution with one of the phrases above. Then think of one more problem together.

a. We must reduce exam stress for secondary students.
To meet this need, we should motivate students and practice with exams that do not count a lot.

b. Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to-face interaction.
One thing we can do is planning more school trips without mobile phones.

c. In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won't be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals' needs.
In order to overcome these problems, we should encourage students at school.

d. We need to find ways to protect young children from violence on television.
One solution is keeping an eye on them while they are watching TV.
One thing we can do is restricting some TV channels.

e. In the last 10 years more than 90 women die at the hands of their partners.
One solution would be cheering woman to report the aggressions in time.
A second final answer is believing women when they denounce for the first time.


EXERCISE: WRITE A PROBLEM PARAGRAPH

Smoking in public places is something that must be banned. It is true that we have already advanced, as smoking in indoor public places is already forbidden. However, in some terraces and bars, there are some people who disturb other costumers. As a matter of fact, even if they do not smoke, they are passive smokers and smelling it can hurt their body and health too. To meet this need, local service managers ought to reinforce the laws and if someone infringes them, they must have a fine. In order to overcome the problem of the terraces, I think people should ask the people around them if it is something annoying for them, and if they let him smoke it is all alright but they have the right to choose what they prefer.

Punctuation rules

EXERCISE

2. A company that wants to be successful must spend a great deal of money to advertise its products. (We do not need any commas)
3. Advertising is essential to the free enterprise system yet, it can sometimes be very annoying. (coordinator).
4. Every minute of the day and night people are exposed to ads on television, on billboards, in the newspapers and in magazines. (coordinator)
5. You cannot even avoid advertising in the privacy of your own car, or your own home, for advertisers have begun selling their products in those places too. (coordinator)


UNIT 8: THE STRUCTURE OF AN ESSAY

(13/11/18)
Page 57

1. Label the three parts of this essay: introduction, main body paragraphs and conclusion.

- INTRODUCTION: First paragraph
- MAIN BODY PARAGRAPHS: Second and third paragraph.
- CONCLUSION: Fourth paragraph.

Page 58.

3. In these introductory paragraphs, underline the thesis statement. Then circle the topic and draw another line under the main idea in each thesis statement. 

a. Thesis statement: the UK can be divided into different regions that each has its own characteristic foods influenced by cultures of the people who live there.
Topic: British food.
Main idea: Each region has its own characteristic foods influenced by the cultures of the people who live there.

b.Thesis statement: As a result of human population growth, deforestation and hunting, the number of koalas has declined.
Topic: koalas.
Main idea: The number of koalas has declined due to humans and deforestation.

c. Thesis statement: No two Taoist gardens are exactly alike, but all Taoist gardens inglude four essential elements: water, mountains, buildings and bridges.
Topic: Taoist gardens.
Main idea: all Taoist gardens include the elements water, mountains, buildings and bridges.

Page 59.
4. Read these thesis statements below. Write  (strong thesis statement), F (fact only- a weak thesis statement) or N (No clear opinion- a weak thesis statement).

a. F
b. N
c. F
d. 
e. N
f. F
g. 
h. N
i. F
j. 

(15/11/18)

HOW TO CONNECT: EXERCISE

  • Paragraph A: The real truth is that there is more food in Britain than we think: For this paragraph we would need 3 paragraphs.
  • Paragraph B: Although koalas are strong climbers, they are endangered species: We would need 4 paragraphs.

PRACTICE: Write your own essay

ZOOS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ANIMALS

Most people believe that zoos are safe and keep species away from the dangers of wildlife. They also think that zoos teach their visitors how to respect nature and animals, but the simple truth is that these places only show a bit of information about each creature that nobody reads. We all know that zoos are not created for the benefit of animals, they are created for our own benefit.
Furthermore, in zoos animals must be funny but not aggressive, which is their real behaviour. Birds can no longer fly, lions are locked and aquatic animals have not enough space to swim. As far as I am concerned, animals need to be in their habitat. Nevertheless, they are locked in cages, have behavioural problems and they do not eat fairly enough. Consequently, in the last years more than 14 animals have died due to the lack of service of the zoos.
Despite this, there are some natural spaces which their aim is to conserve species. They take care of them because they were in danger, hurt or abandoned. In my view, the best solution would be to bring qualified people to their habitats such as vets who take care of them. It would also be a good idea to convert the often criticized zoos in spaces that give attention and chances for animals.
In conclusion, as I said at the beginning, I’m against zoos that lock up animals.. As I see it, we do not have any power over their lives. If we are free and nobody locks us or tells us what to do, they should have the same right. All in all, I believe that most people are now aware of these problems and society is increasingly getting better until one day animals could be free and safe.


UNIT 9: OUTLINING AN ESSAY

(20/11/18)

EXAMPLES: Page 64

1. Read the outline on page 65. Answer the questions.

What will the tesis statement be?
Nuclear power is not a good energy source for the world.

How many paragrapphs there will be here?
4 paragraphs.

How many supporting points will the third paragraph have? What will they be?
Two supporting points, fuel products are dangerous and nuclear waste products are dangerous.

How many details will the fourth paragraph have? What will they be?
The fourth paragraph will have eight details: Three Mile Island, USA (1979); Tarapur, India (1992); Darlington, Canada (1992); Chernobyl, USSR (1986); Kola, Russia (1991); Tokaimura, Japan (1999); earthquake: Kozloduy, Bulgaria (1997); and tornado: Moruroa, the Pacific (1981).

Page 66.

2. Fill in this outline for the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. 

The changing vocabulary of English
I. Thesis statement: African Americans have both contributed new words to English and changed the meanings of some existing words.

II. Words introduced by African Americans.
A.OK
1. From an African language.
2. Now used all over the world to mean all right.
B. Jazz

III. Words whose meanings changed over time.
A. Coo1. Original meaning.
2. New meaning.
B. Square.
1. Original meaning.
2. New meaning.

IV. Conclusion: Existing ethnic groups in the US as well as new immigrants will certainly continue to bring new words to English and give fresh meanings to existing words.

3. Label each statement T for thesis statement. M for main idea, S for supporting point or C for conclusion.

a. S
b. M
c. S
d. S
e. M
f. S
g. S
h. S
i. S
j. T
k. S

UNIT 10: INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS


(27/11/18)

Page 72

1. Read the introduction to the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57. Complete this diagram.

General ideas:
- Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England.
- English has been influenced by other countries or groups.
- Some words are borrowed from other language.

Specific idea (Thesis statement)
- African Americans have contributed and changed words.

2. Mark the strong introductions with a tick. Mark the weak introductions with a cross. What could do writers to make the weak introductions strong?

a. X. It is too short. The writer could add more sentences with supporting points and interesting information.
b. 
c. X. The introduction doesn't have a thesis statement.
d. X. It is too long and it has irrelevant information.
e. It is too short and the sentences are not related.

Page 74.

5. Look at the essay in unit 8, exercise 1 on page 57 again. Answer the questions.

a. Does the conclusion use any of the four techniques described above? Which ones?
Yes, it does. The conclusion restates the thesis and makes a final comment about the main idea of the essay.

b. Which sentence in the conclusion restates the thesis (from the introduction)?
The first sentence.


Page 75.

6. Match each of these introduction thesis statements with its rewritten version for a conclusion.
a. 3
b. 1
c. 5
d. 2
e. 6
f. 4



UNIT 11: UNITY AND COHERENCE

CLASSWORK: 04/12/18

Page 78

1. Read the essay on page 79 about Chinese medicine. Then do these tasks.

a. Underline the thesis statement with two lines.
The philosophy of Chinese medicine is not the same as the philosophy of modern medicine, but it is useful for curing many health problems.

b. Underline each topic sentence with one line.
First body paragraph: Modern medicine focuses on illness.
Second body paragraph: Instead of focusing on a patient's health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient's whole body well again.

c. List the supporting ideas in each main body paragraph on a separate piece of paper.

First main body paragraph:
1. In modern medicine, a patient with a cough gets medicine to stop the cough.
2. Different medicine given for fever.
3. Same medicine given to all people.
4. Philosophy of modern medicine- stop problems quickly.

Second main body paragraph:
1. Chinese medicine - two types  of energy in people.
2. One type is yin.
3. Second type is yang.
4. Imbalance means person in unhealthy.
5. Don't stop illness by giving medicine.
6. Herbs given to restore balance, so illness stops naturally.

d. After you have finished, review the topic sentences and supporting ideas. With a partner, discuss how the topic sentences relate to the thesis statement and how the supporting sentences relate to the topic sentences. Is the essay unified.

Yes, it is unified.

(11/12/18)

Page 83.

4. Use transitions to connect these sentences taken from the essay about Chinese medicine on page 79.

1. Instead
2. In particular
3. For example
4. Rather
5. Thus

Page 84

5. For each of the italicised pronouns in this passage, identify the noun or phrase to which it refers.

a. it = Barcelona
b. it = Barcelona
c. its = the Barrio Goticos
d. its = Barcelona's
e. they= Catalan speakers in and around Barcelona
f. there = in Barcelona
g. this = all of the previous points.

Page 86.

7. This paragraph needs more connection. Revise it.

Ho Chi Mihn City, located in Vietnam is a fascinating destination for travellers to South east Asia. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Southeast Asia, and the influence of French culture can still be felt. For example, many people, especially the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very well. In addition, some cafés serve French food. Another sign of French influence is that many of the buildings in the city are built in French style. There are also many museums and monuments documenting the country's long -and often bloody- history. The Vietnamese and the French also fought, but the French eventually let the country. If you are looking for a unique city to visit in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Mihn City is an attractive choice.

Page 87.

11. These pairs of sentences need to be joined together to form English proverbs. Choose the best transition words or phrases to connect each pair.

a. Don't count your chickens before they hatch.
b. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
c. Time flies when you're having fun.
d. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.
e. Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Cry, and you cry alone.
f. You don't know what water is worth until your well is dry.



UNIT 12: ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS

CLASSWORK (13/12/18)

Page 90.

2. Underline the most important part of the instructions in these essay questions.
a. Compare and contrast state and private secondary school education in your country.
b. Think of a story you have read which has also been made into a film. Describe the difference between the two versions.
c. Show how the rise in popularity of communication by mobile phone has changed the ways in which young people communicate.
d. Discuss three results of the Norman conquest of Great Britain in 1066. Which do you feel was the most important?
e. Which environmental problem is the most significant in your community? Explain how your community can solve this problem.

CHECKLIST

JOURNAL WRITINGS (22/09/18):   How your life has changed since you came to the United States (23/09/18):   A special skill you have (26...